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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landings_on_other_planets

This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the solar system, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts. The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbit decay.

For a list of all planetary missions, including orbiters and flybys, see List of Solar System probes.

Moon

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Luna 2	USSR	13 September 1959	First lunar impact.
Ranger 4	USA	26 April 1962	Intentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system.
Ranger 6	USA	2 February 1964	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 7	USA	31 July 1964	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 8	USA	20 February 1965	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 9	USA	24 March 1965	Intentional hard impact.
Luna 5	USSR	12 May 1965	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 7	USSR	7 October 1965	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 8	USSR	6 December 1965	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 9	USSR	3 February 1966	First successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface.
Surveyor 1	USA	2 June 1966	Soft landing.
Surveyor 2	USA	23 September 1966	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Lunar Orbiter 1	USA	29 October 1966	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Luna 13	USSR	24 December 1966	Soft landing.
Surveyor 3	USA	20 April 1967	Soft landing.
Surveyor 4	USA	17 July 1967	Contact lost on descent.
Surveyor 5	USA	11 September 1967	Soft landing.
Surveyor 6	USA	10 November 1967	Soft landing.
Surveyor 7	USA	10 January 1968	Soft landing.
Apollo 11	USA	20 July 1969	First manned landing.
Luna 15	USSR	21 July 1969	Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon.
Apollo 12	USA	18 November 1969	Manned mission.
Apollo 13	USA	14 April 1970	S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from a number of other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner[1])
Luna 16	USSR	20 September 1970	First successful robotic sample return.
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1	USSR	17 November 1970	Robotic lunar rover.
Apollo 14	USA	5 February 1971	Manned mission.
Apollo 15	USA	30 July 1971	Manned mission; lunar rover.
Luna 18	USSR	11 September 1971	Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing.
Luna 20	USSR	21 February 1972	Robotic sample return.
Apollo 16	USA	21 April 1972	Manned mission; lunar rover.
Apollo 17	USA	7 December 1972	Manned mission; lunar rover.
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2	USSR	8 January 1973	Robotic lunar rover.
Luna 23	USSR	6 November 1974	Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing.
Luna 24	USSR	18 August 1976	Robotic sample return.
Hiten	Japan	10 April 1993	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Lunar Prospector	USA	31 July 1999	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected).
SMART-1	ESA	3 September 2006	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe	ISRO	14 November 2008	Impactor.
SELENE Rstar(Okina)	Japan	12 February 2009	Lunar orbiter, casually crashed at end of mission.
Chang'e 1	China	1 March 2009	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Kaguya	Japan	10 June 2009	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.

Venus

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Venera 3	USSR	1 March 1966	First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry.
Venera 4	USSR	18 October 1967	Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 5	USSR	16 May 1969	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 6	USSR	17 May 1969	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 7	USSR	15 December 1970	First successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes.
Venera 8	USSR	22 July 1972	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes.
Venera 9 lander	USSR	22 October 1975	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface.
Venera 10 lander	USSR	25 October 1975	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes.
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe	USA	9 December 1978	One of four atmospheric probes survived impact and continued to transmit for 67 minutes.
Venera 12 lander	USSR	21 December 1978	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes.
Venera 11 lander	USSR	25 December 1978	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes.
Venera 13 lander	USSR	1 March 1982	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 127 minutes.
Venera 14 lander	USSR	5 March 1982	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Vega 1 lander	USSR	11 June 1985	Soft landing; instruments failed to return data.
Vega 2 lander	USSR	15 June 1985	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.

Mars

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Mars 2 lander	USSR	27 November 1971	No contact after crash landing.
Mars 3 lander	USSR	2 December 1971	Sent signal for only 20 seconds after landing.
Mars 6 lander	USSR	12 March 1974	Contact lost at landing.
Viking 1 lander	USA	20 July 1976	Successful soft landing; first pictures from surface.
Viking 2 lander	USA	3 September 1976	Successful soft landing.
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover	USA	4 July 1997	First air bag landing and first Mars rover.
Mars Polar Lander	USA	3 December 1999	Contact lost prior to landing.
Beagle 2	UK/ ESA	25 December 2003	No contact after landing attempt. It is not known for certain that the craft reached the Martian surface.
MER-A 'Spirit'	USA	3 January 2004	Mars rover.
MER-B 'Opportunity'	USA	25 January 2004	Mars rover.
Phoenix	USA	25 May 2008	Landed in the north polar region, and investigated whether conditions there are suitable for life to have evolved.

Other bodies

Body	Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Eros (asteroid)	NEAR Shoemaker	USA	12 February 2001	Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days.
Jupiter	Galileo	USA	7 December 1995 (atmospheric probe) 21 September 2003 (main craft)	Atmospheric probe, and, later, main craft were intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere. [This scarcely constitutes a "landing" but is included here for completeness as an intentional impact on a planetary body.]
Titan (moon of Saturn)	Huygens probe	ESA/ USA/ Italy(ASI)	14 January 2005	Successful soft landing.
Comet 9P/Tempel 1	Deep Impact	USA	4 July 2005	Impactor.
Itokawa (asteroid)	Hayabusa	Japan	20 November 2005	Planned sample return.
Enceladus	Cassini-Huygens (Cassini Orbiter)	ESA/ USA/ Italy(ASI)	12 March 2008	Orbiter. Passed through Enceladus' vapor plume. Not a landing, however, it did enter Enceladus' atmosphere.

Note: Phobos landing was unsuccessfully attempted by Phobos 2 in 1989.

1. ^ "The Sky is Falling", NASA, April 28, 2006

See also

• List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces

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Published in July 2009.

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