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By
Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_S-76
The Sikorsky S-76 Spirit is an American multi-purpose medium-size commercial helicopter. The S-76 is powered by two turboshafts which combine to drive the main and tail rotors, each with four blades. The S-76 landing gear is retractable.
Development
The development of the machine began with Sikorsky in the middle of the 1970s. Target group were companies, which looked for a medium business helicopter, as well as the oil drilling industry. Sikorsky's development experiences from the UH-60 Black Hawk served as the basis for the S-74 (later renamed S-76 Spirit in honor of the US Bicentennial). which was able to transport 2 pilots and 12 passengers, received first two Allison 250 C30 turboshafts with 478 kW each. The prototype completed its first flight on 13 March 1977.
The S-76A was the first production variant. The type achieved 1982 several class records within the range climbing achievement, maximum speed and ceiling. Several airlines operate the S-76A on scheduled services including Helijet Airways of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
After the S-76A, the S-76 Mk II (1982), the S-76B in the year 1987 with a top speed of 155 knots at sea level. Over 500 S-76s had been delivered by early 2001.
Until December 2005 the S-76C+ was in production. It is equipped with Turboméca Arriel 2S1 engines with FADEC and an EFIS suite from Honeywell. The tail rotor could be made quieter by modification. For comfort, increased active noise and vibration dampers are used. The main rotor is manufactured from composite materials.
Since 3 January 2006 the certified S-76 C++ has the more efficient Turboméca Arriel 2S2, an intake air filter, an improved and quieter transmission as well as changes of detail at the interior equipment and electronics. There were 92 orders for this model as of January 2006.
In 2009 the S-76D is currently under development and will be powered by 1,050 shp PW210S engines driving composite material rotors and will incorporate active vibration control. A prototype made its first flight on 7 February 2009; type certification is expected in 2010 and deliveries are anticipated later that year. Three prototypes will be used in the certification program. One aircraft will be used to obtain certification of an optional electric rotor ice-protection system. Performance will be substantially improved with the added power, but initial certification will retain the same gross weight (11,700 pounds) and maximum cruise speed (155 knots). The rotor rpm will be self adjusting in flight. The higher rpm setting for takeoff and landing and a lower rpm setting for cruise for improved range.
Variants
Civil
- S-76A : Original production version, powered by two 485-kW (650-shp) Rolls-Royce (Allison) 250-C30 turboshaft engines. Large number modified to S-76A+. 284 manufactured.
- S-76A Utility : Utility transport version, equipped with sliding doors and a strengthened floor.
- S-76A+ : Unsold S-76s were fitted with two Turbomeca Arriel 1S turboshaft engines. 17 manufactured.
- S-76A++ : S-76 helicopters fitted with two Turbomeca Arriel 1S1 turboshaft engines.
- S-76A Mk II : Improved all-weather transport version, fitted with a more powerful engines, and other detail improvements.
- S-76B : Powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6B-36A or PT6B-36B turboshaft engines. 101 built.
- S-76C : Powered by two 539-kW (981-shp) Turboméca Arriel 1S1 turboshaft engines. 43 manufactured.
- S-76C+ : Uprated version, fitted with improved Arriel 2S1 turboshafts with FADEC. 35 manufactured.
- S-76C++ : Turboméca Arriel 2S2
- S-76D : Proposed version.
Military
- AUH-76 : Armed utility transport version, developed from the S-76 Mk. II.
- H-76B : Military version of the S-76B.
- H-76N : Planned naval version of 1984, not implemented.
Experimental derivatives
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Sikorsky S-76 SHADOW |
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A S-76B prototype helicopter at 1991 Paris Air Show |
- Sikorsky S-75
- The Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) was an all-composite Sikorsky early LHX proof of concept aircraft.
- Sikorsky S-76 SHADOW
- Boeing-Sikorsky MANPRINT study. The original concept of the LHX program was to produce a one-man helicopter that could do more than a two-man aircraft. The Sikorsky (S-76) Helicopter Advance Demonstrator of Operators Workload (SHADOW) had a single-pilot advanced cockpit grafted to its nose. The purpose was to study the MANPRINT or human engineering interface between the pilot and the cockpit controls and displays. The cockpit was the prototype of a single-pilot cockpit designed for use on the prototype RAH-66 Comanche armed reconnaissance helicopter. The cockpit was designed so sensors would feed data to the pilot through helmet mounted displays. The MANPRINT study determined that single-pilot operation of the Comanche was unsafe, and would result in pilot overload. As result of this study, the Comanche was designed to be operated by a crew of two.
Operators
The S-76 is in use around the world with airlines, corporations, hospital, government operators and, notably, the British Royal Family. The world's largest civilian fleet (79) of Sikorsky S-76 helicopters is operated by CHC Helicopter Corporation.
Civil
 Australia
 Brazil
 Canada
 Hong Kong
 Japan
 Panama
- Part of the presidential fleet, 1 aircraft
 People's Republic of China
 Republic of China (Taiwan)
 Spain
 Serbia
 Sweden
 Trinidad and Tobago
 United Kingdom
- Bristow In UK and Global, operating 53 S76A, A+, A++, C+ and C++
- One aircraft operated by The Queen's Helicopter Flight.
 United States
Military Operators
 Argentina
 Dubai- (UAE)
 Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong
 Iraq Jordan Philippines
 Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Interior Ministry ordered 15 units in November 2007.
- Spain
 Thailand
Incidents
Specifications (Sikorsky S-76C++)
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A pair of Helijet's Sikorsky S76's at Vancouver Harbour. |
General characteristics
- Crew: Minimum 2 pilots
- Capacity: 12 passenger
- Length: 52 ft 6 in (16.0 m)
- Rotor diameter: 44 ft 0 in (13.41 m)
- Height: 14 ft 5.8 in (4.414 m)
- Disc area: 1520.53 ft² (141.26 m²)
- Empty weight: 7,005 lb (3,177 kg)
- Loaded weight: 11,700 lb (5,306 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 11,700 lb (5,306 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Turboméca Arriel 2S1 turboshafts, over 500 kW (670 Horsepower) each
Performance
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
- Notes
- Bibliography
External links
Text from Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.
Published in July 2009.
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