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Vickers Vanguard

By Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Vanguard

Type 950 Vanguard
Vickers Vanguard (G-APEC) at London Heathrow Airport in 1965. This aircraft was built in 1959 and was lost (broke up in flight) in 1971.
Role airliner
Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs
First flight 20 January 1959
Introduced 1961
Retired 1996
Primary users British European Airways
Trans-Canada Airlines
Number built 43
Developed from Vickers Viscount

The Type 950 Vanguard was a British short/medium-range turboprop airliner introduced in 1959 by Vickers-Armstrongs, a development of their successful Viscount design with considerably more internal room. The Vanguard was introduced just before the first of the large jet-powered airliners, and was largely ignored by the market. Only 44 were built, ordered by Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA) and British European Airways (BEA). After only about 10 years service TCA experimentally converted one of theirs to a freighter configuration, calling it the Cargoliner. This was considered successful, and in the early 1970s most were converted to freighters, those from BEA becoming the Merchantman. These freighters remained in service for many years, with the last one (G-APEP) only retiring in 1996.

Development

The aircraft was designed to a BEA requirement for a 100-seat aircraft to replace their Viscounts. The original Type 870 design was then modified when TCA expressed their interest in the design as well, and Vickers returned the updated Type 950 that filled both requirements.

The main difference between the Viscount and Vanguard was the construction of the fuselage. The Vanguard started with the original Viscount fuselage, but cut it off about half of the way up from the bottom, and replaced the top section with a larger-diameter fuselage to give it a double bubble cross-section (similar to the Boeing Stratocruiser). The result of the larger upper portion was a roomier interior, with increased cargo capacity below the floor.

With this larger, and heavier, fuselage came the need for a new engine to lift it. Rolls-Royce delivered their new Tyne design with a nominal 4,000 hp/3,000 kW (as compared to the Viscount's Dart of about 1,700 hp/1,300 kW).

This allowed for a much higher service ceiling and cruising speed, the Vanguard had a service ceiling almost twice that of the Viscount. The Vanguard was one of the fastest turboprops ever and was faster than the present day Saab 2000 or de Havilland Canada Dash 8.

The first Type 950 prototype flew on 20 January 1959.

Operational service

The Vanguard entered service with BEA and TCA in late 1960. BEA operated their first Vanguard schedule on 17 December from Heathrow to Paris. Following delivery of their full fleet of six V951 and 14 V953 aircraft by 30 March 1962, the type took over many of BEAs busier European and UK trunk routes. The aircraft received names of famous Royal Navy warships, the first G-APEA was named "Vanguard", but these tended to be dropped later in service. Initial seating was 18 first-class at the rear and 108 tourist, but this was changed to 139 all-tourist, in which configuration, the Vanguard had very low operating costs per seat/mile. On flights up to 300 mi (480 km), such as from London to Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam, the type could match the block times of the pure jets which were being introduced in the early 1960s. The remaining BEA fleet passed to British Airways on 1 April 1974 and the last BA passenger flight with the type was on 16 June.

TCA initiated Vanguard schedules on 1 February 1961 with two flights from Toronto and Montreal via intermediate stops to Vancouver. The fleet was also used on services from Toronto and Montreal to New York and Nassau, Bahamas.

Cargo operations


V953C Merchantman of British Airways Cargo at Manchester in 1978
V953C Merchantman of British Airways Cargo at Manchester in 1978

In 1966 Air Canada removed all the seats in CF-TKK and refitted the aircraft for pure cargo work, in which role it could carry 42,000 lb (19,050 kg) of freight. Known by the airline as the "Cargoliner," it was the only such conversion, but survived to be the last Canadian Vanguard to be retired in December 1972.

BEA operated nine Vanguards mofified to a V953C "Merchantman" all-cargo layout from 1969, with the first two conversions being designed and carried out by Aviation Traders Engineering (ATL) at Southend Airport. BEA modified the remainder at Heathrow using kits from ATL. A large forward cargo door (139 in/353 cm by 80 in/203 cm high) was incorporated. The Merchantmen continued in service with BA until late 1979 when the remaining five were sold.

The last Merchantman was retired by Hunting Cargo Airlines on 30 September 1996 and donated to Brooklands Museum on 17 October.

Accidents and Incidents

Variants

Type 950
Prototype, one built and two uncompleted as static test airframes.
Type 951
BEA, 20 ordered, 6 delivered. All in 127 seat mixed class configuration (18 first and 109 economy)
Type 952
TCA, more powerful engine and stronger fuselage and wing for higher weights, 23 delivered
Type 953
BEA, Same engines as 951, but the stronger airframe of the 952. Mostly operated as 135 seater all economy, but some configured as 127 mixed class the same as 951. 14 delivered replacing an order for 951's
Type 953C Merchantman
9 Conversions from Type 953

Operators

 Canada
 France
  • European Aero Service
  • Inter Cargo Service
 Iceland
  • Air Viking
  • Thor Cargo
 Indonesia
 Lebanon
  • Lebanese Air Transport
 Sweden
  • Air Trader
 United Kingdom

Aircraft on display

  • Type 953C Merchantman Superb (Registration G-APEP) at the Brooklands Museum, Surrey, England. The only intact airframe in existence.

Vickers Vangard 953C Merchantman Superb at Brooklands Museum, Weybridge.
Vickers Vangard 953C Merchantman Superb at Brooklands Museum, Weybridge.

Specifications (Type 952)

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2-3
  • Capacity: 139 passengers
  • Length: 122 ft 10 in (37.50 m)
  • Wingspan: 118 ft 7 in (36.10 m)
  • Height: 34 ft 11 in (10.60 m)
  • Wing area: 1,527 ft² (142 m²)
  • Empty weight: 82,500 lb (37,421 kg)
  • Loaded weight: 141,000 lb (63,977 kg)
  • Powerplant:Rolls-Royce Tyne RTy.11 Mk 512 turboprop, 5,545 hp (4,700 shp, 4,135 kW) each

Performance

See also

Comparable aircraft

Bibliography

External links




Text from Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.


Published in July 2009.




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