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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records

This is a list of spaceflight records. Most of these records relate to human spaceflights, but some unmanned and animal records are listed as well.

The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965

First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country

Human spaceflight firsts

First	Person(s)	Mission	Country	Date
Person to reach space Person in orbit Person to consume food in space	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1	USSR	12 April 1961
Person to make suborbital flight Person to land in a spacecraft after spaceflight (thus the first complete human spaceflight by FAI definitions) Person to land in water (splashdown) Person to pilot a craft in space	Alan Shepard	Freedom 7	USA	5 May 1961
Person in space for over 24 hours Multiple orbits during a spaceflight	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	USSR	6 August 1961 – 7 August 1961
Person to land in a spacecraft after orbital flight	John Glenn	Friendship 7	USA	20 February 1962
Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications	Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich	Vostok 3 Vostok 4	USSR	12 August 1962 – 15 August 1962
Woman in space Civilian in space	Valentina Tereshkova	Vostok 6	USSR	16 June 1963 – 19 June 1963
Spaceflight (suborbital) by winged spacecraft	Joe Walker	X-15 Flight 90	USA	19 July 1963
Person to enter space twice (suborbital flights above 100 kilometres (62 mi))	Joe Walker	X-15 Flights 90 and 91	USA	22 August 1963
Three-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft Persons to land in a spacecraft on hard ground Manned spaceflight without pressurized spacesuits	Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov	Voskhod 1	USSR	12 October 1964 – 13 October 1964
Spacewalk	Alexei Leonov	Voskhod 2	USSR	18 March 1965
Orbital maneuvers (change orbit)	Gus Grissom, John W. Young	Gemini 3	USA	23 March 1965
Person to fly two orbital spaceflights	Gordon Cooper	Faith 7 Gemini 5	USA	15 May 1963 – 16 May 1963 21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Persons to spend one week in space	Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad	Gemini 5	USA	21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station-keeping) Four people in space at the same time	Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford	Gemini 7 Gemini 6A	USA	15 Dec. 1965 – 16 Dec. 1965
Space docking	Neil Armstrong David Scott	Gemini 8 and Agena	USA	16 March 1966
Multiple rendezvous	John W. Young Michael Collins	Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8	USA	19 July 1966 20 July 1966
Spaceflight fatality (during landing)	Vladimir Komarov	Soyuz 1	USSR	23 April 1967 – 24 April 1967
Person to complete three spaceflights	Walter Schirra	Mercury - Atlas 8 Gemini 6A Apollo 7	USA	22 October 1968
Persons to leave low Earth orbit (LEO) Persons to enter lunar orbit Persons to enter the gravitational influence of another celestial body	Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders	Apollo 8	USA	24 Dec. 1968 – 25 Dec. 1968
Space docking of two manned spacecraft Dual spacewalk Сrew transfer (Khrunov, Yeliseyev)	Vladimir Shatalov Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov	Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5	USSR	16 January 1969
Solo flight around the Moon	John Young	Apollo 10	USA	22 May 1969
Moon landing Planetary surface EVA	Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin	Apollo 11	USA	20 July 1969
Five people in space at the same time	Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov Anatoly Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7	USSR	12 October 1969 – 13 October 1969
Triple spaceflight Seven people in space at the same time	Shonin, Kubasov Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8	USSR	13 October 1969 – 16 October 1969
Person to complete four spaceflights	James A. Lovell	Gemini 7 Gemini 12 Apollo 8 Apollo 13	USA	17 April 1970
Person to fly two lunar flights Person to complete two flights beyond low Earth orbit	James A. Lovell	Apollo 8 Apollo 13	USA	11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970
Persons to fly an actual free-return trajectory around a celestial body	James A. Lovell Jack Swigert Fred Haise	Apollo 13	USA	11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970
People to spend two weeks in space Night launch	Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Seva-styanov	Soyuz 9	USSR	1 June 1970 – 19 June 1970
People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft	Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell	Apollo 14	USA	6 February 1971
Docking with space station (soft dock) Night landing	Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavish- nikov	Soyuz 10 Salyut 1	USSR	22 April 1971 – 24 April 1971
Manned space station	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11 Salyut 1	USSR	7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971
In-space fatalities	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11	USSR	29 June 1971
People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth	Dave Scott Jim Irwin	Apollo 15	USA	31 July 1971– 2 August 1971
EVA outside low Earth orbit (trans-Earth trajectory)	Al Worden	Apollo 15	USA	5 August 1971
Person to be in lunar orbit twice (during separate lunar expeditions)	John W. Young	Apollo 10 Apollo 16	USA	16 April 1972 – 27 April 1972
People in orbit for four weeks	Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz	Skylab 2	USA	25 May 1973 – 22 June 1973
People in orbit for eight weeks	Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott	Skylab 3	USA	28 July 1973 – 25 Sep. 1973
People in orbit for 12 weeks	Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson	Skylab 4	USA	16 Nov. 1973 – 8 February 1974
Spaceflight aborted during liftoff (at 145 kilometers (90 mi) altitude) Re-entry with 20g acceleration (emergency)	Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 18a	USSR	5 April 1975
Crew to visit occupied space station	Vladimir Dzhani- bekov, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1crew	USSR	10 January 1978 – 16 January 1978
People in orbit 19 weeks (4 months)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29 - Soyuz 31	USSR	15 June 1978 – 2 Nov. 1978
People in orbit 26 weeks (6 months)	Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35 - Soyuz 37	USSR	9 April 1980 – 11 October 1980
Spaceflight (orbital) by winged spacecraft	John W. Young Robert L. Crippen	STS-1	USA	12 April 1981
Person to fly four different types of spacecraft	John W. Young	Gemini Apollo Lunar Module STS-1	USA	12 April 1981
Person to complete five spaceflights	John W. Young	Gemini 3 Gemini 10 Apollo 10 Apollo 16 STS-1	USA	14 April 1981
Four-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft	Vance Brand Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen William B. Lenoir	STS-5	USA	11 Nov. 1982 – 16 Nov. 1982
Five-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian Sally K. Ride Norman E. Thagard	STS-7	USA	18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983
Six-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft	John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw, Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Byron K. Lichtenberg – USA Ulf Merbold – Germany (European Space Agency)	STS-9	USA West Germany	28 Nov. 1983 – 8 Dec. 1983
Person to complete six spaceflights	John W. Young	Gemini 3 Gemini 10 Apollo 10 Apollo 16 STS-1 STS-9	USA	8 Dec. 1983
Untethered spacewalk	Bruce McCandless II	STS-41-B	USA	7 February 1984
Eight people in space at the same time (no docking)	Oleg Atkov, Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov – USSR Vance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair, Robert L. Stewart – USA	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B	USSR USA	8 February 1984 – 11 February 1984
11 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Oleg Atkov, Leonid D. Kizim, Yury Malyshev, Vladimir Solovyov, Gennady Strekalov – USSR Robert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, James van Hoften – USA Rakesh Sharma – India	STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR USA India	6 April 1984 – 11 April 1984
People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov	Salyut 7	USSR	26 April – 18 May 1984
Spacewalk by a woman	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soyuz T-12	USSR	25 July 1984
People in orbit 33 weeks (7 months)	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR	8 February 1984 – 2 October 1984
Seven-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Paul D. Scully-Power – USA Marc Garneau – Canada	STS-41-G	USA Canada	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Two women in space at the same time	Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride	STS-41-G	USA	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Partial crew exchange at a space station	Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov	Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7	USSR	17 Sep. 1985 – 26 Sep. 1985
Eight-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft	Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. Nagel, Bonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford – USA Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid – West Germany Wubbo Ockels – Netherlands (European Space Agency)	STS-61-A	USA West Germany Nether-lands	30 October 1985 – 6 Nov. 1985
Fatalities during launch	Francis «Dick» Scobee Michael J. Smith Ellison Onizuka Judith Resnik Ronald McNair Sharon Christa McAuliffe Gregory Jarvis	STS-51-L	USA	28 January 1986
Space station-to-space station flight Space station-to-space station return flight Expedition on two space stations	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir	USSR	15 March 1986 – 16 July 1986
Complete crew exchange at a space station	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov	Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TM-3, at Mir	USSR	21 Dec. 1987 – 29 Dec. 1987
People in orbit 52 weeks (one year)	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4 - Soyuz TM-6	USSR	21 Dec. 1987 – 21 Dec. 1988
12 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Shuttle: Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker – USA Mir: Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia Soyuz and Soyuz/Mir: Musa Manarov, Viktor Afanasyev – Russia Toyohiro Akiyama – Japan	STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10 - Soyuz TM-11	USSR USA Japan	2 Dec. 1990 – 10 Dec. 1990
Three women in space at the same time	Millie Hughes-Fulford, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon	STS-40	USA	5 June 1991 – 14 June 1991
Three-person spacewalk	Pierre J. Thuot Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers	STS-49	USA	13 May 1992
13 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Shuttle: Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise – USA Mir: Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov – Russia Soyuz/Mir: Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov –Russia Norman E. Thagard – USA	STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	14 March 1995 – 18 March 1995
Ten people in a single spacecraft (docking)	Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard – USA Anatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov – Russia	STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	29 June 1995 – 4 July 1995
Space tourist	Dennis Tito	Soyuz TM-32/31, ISS EP-1	USA Russia	April 28, 2001 – May 6, 2001
Person to complete seven trips to space	Jerry L. Ross	STS-61B STS-27 STS-37 STS-55 STS-74 STS-88 STS-110	USA	19 April 2002
Privately funded human space flight (suborbital)	Mike Melvill	Space Ship One flight 15P	USA	21 June 2004
13 people in a single spacecraft (docking)	Michael Barratt, Mark L. Polansky, Douglas G. Hurley, Christopher J. Cassidy, Thomas H. Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra – USA Gennady Padalka, Roman Romanenko – Russia Robert Thirsk, Julie Payette – Canada Frank De Winne – Belgium (European Space Agency) Koichi Wakata – Japan	ISS, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-15, STS-127	USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan	17 July 2009
Four women in space at the same time	Shuttle: Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson – USA Naoko Yamazaki – Japan ISS: Tracy Caldwell Dyson – USA	STS-131 ISS Expedition 23	USA Japan	5 April 2010 – 20 April 2010
Six spacecraft docked to a space station	ISS: Expedition 56	Dragon-15, Cygnus-9, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-09, Progress MS-08, Progress MS-09	USA Russia	9 July 2018

Most spaceflights

• 7 spaceflights
  • Jerry L. Ross – USA
  • Franklin Chang Díaz – Costa Rica/USA*
• 6 spaceflights
  • John W. Young – USA (While Young has made six spaceflights, he was launched into orbit seven times if his Moon ascent on Apollo 16 is counted.)
  • Story Musgrave – USA
  • Curtis Brown – USA
  • James Wetherbee – USA
  • Michael Foale – United Kingdom/USA dual citizen
  • Sergei Krikalev – Soviet Union/Russia
  • Yuri Malenchenko – Russia

Duration records

Total human spaceflight time by country

Most time in space

Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, who has spent 878 days in space over five missions, became the record holder for the most time spent in space when he surpassed, on 28 June 2015, the record of cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes (about 2.2 years) in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and the International Space Station. Yuri Malenchenko is currently in second place, having spent 828 days in space on six spaceflights.

The following is a list of the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space, as of 20 Dec. 2018.

Ten longest human spaceflights

Longest single flight by a woman

NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman when she surpassed Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti’s 199 days, 16 hours during Expedition 52 in 2017. She returned to Earth in Sep. 2017, having spent 289 days, 5 hours and 1 minute in space. In third place is American astronaut Sunita Williams with 195 days on the ISS, where she was a member of Expedition 14/Expedition 15 (2006–2007).

Longest continuous occupation of space

An international partnership consisting of Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000, when Soyuz TM-31 was launched. Two days later it docked with the International Space Station.Since then space has been continuously occupied for 18 years, 168 days.

Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft

The International Space Station has been continuously occupied since 2 Nov. 2000 (18 years, 166 days). It broke the record of 9 years and 358 days of the Soviet/Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010.

Longest solo flight

Valery Bykovsky flew solo for 4 days, 23 hours in Vostok 5 from 14 to 19 June 1963. The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the (non-solo) Gemini 5 flight. The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight, and during the Apollo 16 mission, T. K. Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours.

Longest time on the lunar surface

Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes and 40 seconds (over 3 days) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 Dec. 1972. They performed three EVAs (extra-vehicular activity) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes, 57 seconds (as commanders were always the first one out of the LM and the last to get back in, Cernan’s EVA time was slightly longer).

Longest time in lunar orbit

Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours (148 hours); however, for the solo portion of that flight around the Moon, T. K. Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans’ solo duration.

Speed and altitude records

Farthest humans from Earth

The Apollo 13 crew (Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert), while passing over the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 mi) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth. This record-breaking distance was reached at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.

Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission

Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad, Jr. and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 Sep. 1966, at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of 739.2 nautical miles (1,369.0 km).

Fastest

The Apollo 10 crew (Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan) achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans: 39,897 kilometers per hour (11.082 kilometers per second or 24,791 miles per hour, approximately 32 times the speed of sound and 0.00037% of the speed of light). The record was set 26 May 1969.

Age records

John Glenn, 14 April 1998

Earliest-born to reach space (suborbital flight)

Joe Walker (born 20 February 1921), on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963.

Earliest-born to reach space (orbital flight)

• Man – Georgy Beregovoy (born 15 April 1921), on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968.
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (born 6 March 1937), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963.

Youngest (age during spaceflight)

• Man – Gherman Titov (aged 25 years), on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961.
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (aged 26 years), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963.

Oldest (age during spaceflight)

• Man – John Glenn (aged 77), on STS-95 on 29 October 1998.
• Woman – Peggy Whitson (aged 56), on Soyuz MS-03 on 17 Nov. 2016. She turned 57 on 9 February 2017, while still in space.

Spacewalk records

Most spacewalks (number and duration)

Both of these are the record for the largest total number of spacewalks by a male and a female, and the most cumulative time spent on spacewalks by a male and a female.

• Man – Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for a total time of 82 hours, 21 minutes.
• Woman – Peggy Whitson, 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes.

Most spacewalks during a single mission

• 7: Anatoly Solovyev, during the 24th Expedition on the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, in 1997–98. (Two were internal «spacewalks» inside a depressurized module.)
• 6: Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov, the third crew on the Soviet space station Salyut 7.

Longest single spacewalk

• 8 hrs 56 min, by James Voss and Susan Helms, 11 March 2001 on an ISS assembly mission during Shuttle mission STS-102

Animal records

First living organisms in space

The first living organisms of any kind to enter space in a planned way were fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V-2 rocket to an altitude of 68 miles (109 km). They were also the first animals to safely return from space.

First animal in orbit

Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 Nov. 1957 on Sputnik 2. The technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, so there was no expectation for survival. She died several hours into flight. Belka and Strelka became the first canines to safely return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960.

Longest canine single flight

Soviet space dogs Veterok (Ветерок, «Light Wind») and Ugolyok (Уголёк, «Ember») were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March.

First animals beyond low-Earth orbit

An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises, as well as wine flies and mealworms launched with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Soviet Zond 5 spacecraft on 15 Sep. 1968. It was launched by a Proton-K rocket. The capsule came within 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of the Moon and later successfully returned to Earth, the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the Moon.

Notable unmanned spaceflights

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Published in April 2019.

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